2/26 Virtual machines

Reading

The ESX Server paper is one of my personal favorite papers in systems research and I can’t resist assigning it. Firecracker discusses how virtual machines are used in serverless computing, and gives more insight into cloud computing deployments.

  1. “Memory resource management in VMware ESX Server”, Carl A. Waldspurger (OSDI 2002)

  2. “Firecracker: Lightweight Virtualization for Serverless Applications”, Alexandru Agache, Marc Brooker, Andreea Florescu, Alexandra Iordache, Anthony Liguori, Rolf Neugebauer, Phil Piwonka, Diana-Maria Popa (NSDI 2020; presentation available)

Reading questions

  1. The ESX Server paper is concerned largely with handling memory contention among VMs. The Firecracker VMM, in contrast, “depend[s] on Linux’s process scheduler and memory manager for handling contention between VMs.” Describe the architectural differences between Firecracker and ESX Server that allow this.

  2. ESX Server is all about performance hacking. Which aspects of Firecracker’s design might benefit from similar performance hacking, if any?